The Red Dot

Computer security

virus

Malware- Malware is short for malicious software and is designed to infiltrate a computer that is made from a special code that is destructive or makes using a computer very annoying or slow.

Types

Spyware- Spyware is designed to get into a system and gather information without the users consent.and types of spyware could be a key logger that remembers ever key you type or another type would be ad ware and this would sit there and wait for you to go on a website and send you pop ups and all of this data is stored and sometimes sent to big companys that send you loads more ads and pop ups.

worms- A worm is a self replicating code that consumes the bandwith of the victim also some worms and make the victims computer a zombie which means it sends a huge amount of worms out to other computers and then that worm makes that computer a zombie and so on.

Trojan horse- A trojan horse is a virus that gets into the computer bye pretending to be something that isn’t harmful and then once it gets past the anti virus system it will release and do its work and what it does is allow a hacker to remotely access a computer and once inside of the victims computer it is possible to install other Malware and Spyware.

This is what a hacker would use to create a trojan horse virus because you can input the ip address that you have obtained and then put the port that you would like to try and obtain the password using a key logger or something of that nature that obtains information without the users consent.

Spam- Spam is a program that sends bulk email for advertisements or it can be used for social engineering which is pretending to be something such as a bank sending you an email and trying to get your credit card details or address.This would be an example of spam.

Phishing- Phishing is a way to obtain personal information such as credit card numbers bye pretending to be the victims bank or could be advertising a product and instead of the victim trying to buy this great item the hacker takes the credit card details.This is a type of social engineering.

Encryption

Encryption is used to protect a  connection or protect a document, There are 3 common types of encryption and these are 64 bit 128 bit and 256 bit, 64 bit encryptions are not used that often any more because it is to easy to decipher or to crack so that is why most public encryptions are 128 bit because to the common user it is hard to crack  but for the government it is not hard to crack because terrorists could be sending messages or using phones that are encrypted on a 128 bit connection and the government have super computers that can crack that without taking to long to act on so that is why in America 256 bit encryption is illegal because the government cannot decrypt it quick enough to act on it E.G: A terrorist is sending a message saying that they will blow up something or an attack then if the government intercepts the message or it is picked up by the filter then they cant read the message quick enough to act on it because by the time they have decrypted the message then the thing that they were trying to find out has already happened.

i got 97.7% in my test WOOOHOOOO <—— chapter 8

Chapter 8

Mac address-A mac address is a serial number affixed with a network adapter here is a picture that shows you what it looks like-

IP Address-IP stands for internet protocol and it is a unique number that is assigned to a computer when it is using the internet but when you turn off your computer that IP address that you was using is given to another computer because there isn’t enough IP address for every single computer in the world.

Subnet mask- A subnet mask is to identify a small network inside a large network.It blanks out a part of an IP address and tell you were it is.

HUB- A hub sends information to all of the computers so it is not as good as a switch because it creates to much internet traffic.

Switch- A switch is a sort of like a hub but it remembers computers IP address so that if you need to send something then it goes to that computer instead of going to all of the computers also you can have more computers connected up to the switch so it is useful for large networks such as school and business.

Router- A router is a device that interconnects two or more computers networks and shares packets of data between them also it provides an internet connection for the computers that it is connected to.This is a picture of a cisco router

DHCP-DHCP stands for dynamic host configuration protocol and what a DHCP server does is assign an IP address automatically so that you do not have to do manually and this is good for work and places and big business because of the amount that the person that is setting up the computers has to do is enormous and if the person who is setting the computers up he would have to go round to every single computer and manually configure an IP address , It is also quick and efficient.You can also set a start IP address and an end IP address and what this is, is the DHCP server starts giving IP address that start from the number that you put and it stops giving IP address’s at the number that you put in at the end IP address and in this picture you can see this.

LAN- LAN stands for local area network and it gives an internet connection to a small group of computers and it is not used for large scale it is most commonly used in the home because it is easy to set up and configure also it is not very expensive so that is why it is so popular.

LAN architectures- LAN architectures are  is the way the network is layed out and the most common ones are a ring, bus and an star.

A ring is all the computers network cards working as repeaters and there is no starting or end point  also each node will repeat each signal that it received regardless of it’s destination, The destination station recognises its address and copies the frame and into a local stream as it goes by.

A bus is were all of the connections are connected to one cable as a result of this every node on that cable see’s a transmission from every other station at the end of each bus is a thing called a terminator which asorbs any signal and then removing it from the bus IEEE 802.3) is the protocols used for this type of LAN.

A star is were all the stations are connected by a cable or wireless and the the thing producing the connection is allways in the middle in a star although the arrangement is physically a star it is logically a bus because because the central node is acting like a switch, An incoming frame is processed in the node and then retransmitted on an outgoing link to the destination Ethernet protocols IEEE 802.3 are often used in star LAN.

NIC devices- A NIC is a network interface card and is required to connect to the internet

• Installing a NIC (Networking Interface Card) When installing a new driver be sure to disable all virus protection software because the protection software may pick it up as a potential attack and if this happens some of the software may be installed incorrectly and only one driver should be installed at one time  because some updating processes may conflict.

• Also another safety precaution is to close all applications running because they also may conflict with the update or install because if your updating and you still have your browser open or you are downloading something it may install incorrectly because of the conflict and will in effect not work.

• To find the NIC you will need to go into Device manger and then find your network card and it should look something like this
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• VoIP- VoIP means Voice over IP and what it does is it sends your voice in a IP packet to the person that you are calling and this is totally dependant on the internet connection so if your internet connection fails you will not be able to make any calls or receive them.
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• OSI model-There are seven layers to the OSI model and these layers are: pysical , Data link, network, Transport, session, Presentation, application.
• Physical this defines all the electrical specifications for devices.
• Data link it provides physical addressing and media access procedures .
• Network this is responsible for logical addressing and the domain of routing.
• Transport provides reliable transport and flow control across a network, It is also is responsible for sending off packets of data.
• Session establishes, manages and terminate the connections between the local and remote application.
• Presentation transforms data formats to provide a standard interface for the application layer.
• Application is responsible for network services to applications.
• If you go onto any website you will receive a packet.

• Broad band-Broadband is a technique used to transmit signals using multiple frequency’s over one cable

A type of printer is a ink-jet printer and this works bye spraying the paper with ink and inside the printer it has little nozels that perform this job and its ppm is 2-6 because the ink is sprayed onto the paper and this is a long process so it is quite slow and is suitable for home use because you do not need to print out a lot of sheets when you are at home.

Another type of printer is a laser printer and this works by a laser hitting the drum inside the printer and the laser beam makes a electrostatic image on the drum and it comes into contact with the toner and the it is placed onto the drum and then it goes through really hot rollers called fusser’s which melts the toner onto the paper.Its ppm is 40 ppm which is quite fast for industrial use.

The oldest printer that is available is called a dot matrix and this uses tiny dots to form letters and some basic pictures, The way that it does this is it has 24 pins that  prints dots on a page and it can do upper-case and lower case but if it is a 9 pin dot matrix printer it can only print upper-case. These are used in shops and supermarkets because of their speed they can print 50 characters per second.

The least common printer is called a thermal printer and it produces a image by using thermochromatic paper (thermal paper) and it does this by passing the paper over a thermal print head which then turns the coating black when a lot of heat is applied to the paper.It is commonly used in supermarkets because of the speed of which they can print at and they are not commonly used in homes.They can print up to 30 ppm which is fast for receipts in supermarkets.

To install a printer you must first

• Click the Start button and then click Control Panel on the right side of the Start menu.

• Click printers and other hardware.
• Click add a printer in printers and other hardware  to start the Add Printer Wizard and then click the Next button.
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Now plug your printer in a usb port in your PC and in the usb port in the printer here is a picture of the back of the printer were you have to plug in the cable.

• if it is plug and play you will see this and you will not have to follow these instructions —->
• If it is not (plug and play) then you will have to get the driver of the manufactures website and download that and once you have downloaded it you will have to open it the install wizard and install the printer from there.

Here is a picture of what it should look like when it is downloading

Once you are sure that you have installed everything you need to print a test page which looks like this

Once you have installed everything and completed the setup you will look at a screen like this—->And from here you can do all of the printer task’s you want to do.

If you want to check that your printer is fully installed you can go to devices and printers and it should have the name of your printer listed in there and here is a picture of what mine looked like —->

today i have learnt the difference between a ink jet print a laser printer and a dot matrix printer and there properties

• A ink jet printer can produce 2 -6 printers per minute (ppm) and it is the slowest out of the 3 main printers and in the picture below it show’s the colours of inks.
• 
• A dot matrix printer has pins inside the printer that strikes the paper with ink on it and makes a dot and it does it so many times that it starts to make letters or numbers by making a load of dots an you make anything with enough dots even a picture.
• 

A lazer printer uses a sort of roller and the printer puts the ink onto the roller and the roller pushes the ink onto the paper with extreme force and the ink gets pressed into the paper.

• The tco of a printer is
• initial purchase price
• cost of supplies, such as paper and ink
• price per page
• maintenance costs
• warranty costs
• the amount of material to be printed
• The expected lifetime of the printer

A summary of chapter 6.

The first laptop was built in 1980′s and it was built for astronauts because they needed a portable computer for when they are up in space because they couldnt move a desktop around in a space shuttle but it weighed 11 pounds so it was abit heavy but at least it was portable there was one downside to it was the price and they were priced from $8000 to $10,000.

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description Inside components of a laptop

The components of a laptop are smaller than desktops because laptops have not got alot of space for the components to go in plus they need to be portable so they need to be light and small.

There are things like laptops but alot smaller called PDAs or Smart phone a PDA is a personal digital assistant and it can organise your day and it can produce a word document and a smart phone is a PDA and it can make phone calls as well as using the PDA system

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PDAs and Smartphones

PDAs and Smart phones are portable hand-held devices . PDAs offer features such as games, internet, e-mail, texting  and many other features offered by pc’s. Smartphones are phones with  built in PDA software. PDAs and Smart phones can run some of the same software as laptops just not as well.

Laptops can offer student’s

• Taking notes in school or researching papers
• Presenting information in business meetings
• Accessing data away from home or the office
• Playing games while traveling
• Watching movies while traveling
• Accessing the Internet in a public place
• Sending and receiving e-mail in a public place

and PDA’s can

• Address book
• Calculator
• Alarm clock
• Internet access
• E-mail
• Global positioning

and a Smartphone can do all of the above and more such as.

• Built-in camera
• Document access
• E-mail
• Abbreviated note-taking
• Television
• Making phone calls

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Some common features of laptops are…          

• They are small and portable.
• They have an integrated display screen in the lid.
• They have an integrated keyboard in the base.
• They run on AC power or a rechargeable battery.
• They support hot-swappable drives and peripherals.
• Most laptops can use docking stations and port replicators to connect peripherals.

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Some advantages to having a laptop instead of an desktop

• Portable and light
• it has a built in keyboard and built in touch pad.
• some parts are hot swappable such as- sound card and you can even get a hot swappable hard drive !

And this laptop weighs 2.5 pounds which means it is very portable and easy to move around

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here are the buttons on the sides of the laptop.

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left

security hole

usb port’s

S-video port

RJ-11 port                      

Ethernet port

network LEDs

headphone jack

microphone jack

ventilation grill

expansion slot

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optical drive

drive bay status indicator

VGA port

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front

infrared port line of sight

speaker’s

laptop latch

ventilation grill

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rear

battery bay

AC power connector

parallel socket port

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bottom

hard drive access panel

RAM access panel

docking connector

battery latches

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cleaning

cleaning the keyboard

1. Turn off the laptop.
2. Disconnect all attached devices.
3. Disconnect laptop from the electrical outlet.
4. Remove all installed batteries.
5. Wipe laptop and keyboard with a soft, lint-free cloth that is lightly moistened with water or computer-screen cleaner.

ventilation cleaning procedures

1. Turn off the laptop.
2. Disconnect all attached devices.
3. Disconnect laptop from the electrical outlet.
4. Remove all installed batteries.
5. Use compressed air or a non-electrostatic vacuum to clean out the dust from the vents and the fan behind the vent.
6. Use tweezers to remove any debris.

LCD cleaning procedures

1. Turn off the laptop.
2. Disconnect all attached devices.
3. Disconnect laptop from the electrical outlet.
4. Remove all installed batteries.
5. Wipe display with a soft, lint-free cloth that is lightly moistened with a mild cleaning solution.

touchpad cleaning procedures

1. Turn off the laptop.
2. Disconnect all attached devices.
3. Disconnect laptop from the electrical outlet.
4. Remove all installed batteries.
5. Wipe surface of touch pad gently with a soft, lint-free cloth that is moistened with an approved cleaner. Never use a wet cloth.

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trouble shooting

1.you have to gather data from the customer to interpret the problem.

2.you have to bring up the obvious issues E.G: power plug not plugged in properly.

3.before trying very hard solutions try the quick fix solutions such as last known good configuration.

4.gather data from the computer such as remote desktop or ask the customer what is happening to the computer and what is the problem.

5.once you have all of the necessary data you will have to evaluate the problem then implement the solution to help the customer.

6. when you are done helping the customer you have to close with the customer which means E.G: goodbye and have a nice day.

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Mobile phone’s these days can do about as much as an computer and some of the stuff they can do is use WAP to connect to the internet and also have a touch screen to make browseing the internet and getting around the phone easily and quickly.

They have a music player so that you can put music on to the phone and then listen to it through headphones or through speakers.

 There are different types of phones they are- 1G,2G,3G,4G

This is an example of a 1G phone because it can only make call’s and it hasnt got a screen and can not text or recive media.

This is an example of a 2G phone because it can play media and it has a screen that has colour and it can text also it can play games.

This is an example of a 3G phone because it can go on the internet and make calls plus it can text, play media, play video and it can also play games.

This is an example of a 4G phone because it can make calls and make text messages, It can play media and recive media and use applications such as games.

Most phones have camara’s to take picture’s if you dont have a proper camara.

Nearly all of the phones on the market can connect to a computer through bluetooth or through USB cable.

If you want to make a memo or just record a sound you can use a application called a voice recorder.

If you do not own an alarm you can use your phone that has an alarm and use’s the time on your phone to get the time you set for the alarm to sound.

If you are busy and have not got alot of time you can use an organiser which helps you remember things and it use’s a To Do list, memos, calander and a date finder.

Most smartphone’s have tools that you can use such as an calculator, Converter and a world clock.

most new phones have a web browser so that you can use the internet were ever you go and can find out information when ever you choose.

If your phone hasnt got any music then you can use a radio to listen to the radio stations to listen to their music.

If you want to record a moment that has to be more than 1 photo long then you will have to usea video recorder which records were ever you are pointing the camara and it takes loads of pictures per second to make it moving.

Smartphone’s such as the iphone you can get applications and games which help you get information that is specific to the information you are trying to find plus you can get games that you can play with your phone and some of them use a component in the phone called an accelerometer which tells the phone if your are tilting it so you can just tilt the phone left or right to turn E.G a car or a plane.

On most smart phone’s you can use your email instead of texting which cost’s and email is free.

On everyphone out on the market today has a texting application so that you can write to people instead of calling them.

On every mobile phone ever created has a calling application so that you can speak to the person you are calling.

Laptop components are much more specialized than desktop components. This difference is because laptop manufacturers focus on refining laptop components to make them more efficient and compact. As a result, manufacturers design laptop components to follow their own form factors. As a result, you may not be able to use components made by one laptop manufacturer to repair a laptop made by another manufacturer. 

this is a picture of a desktop and a laptop ram.    the top picture is a desktop ram and the bottom one is a laptop ram.

Laptop motherboards vary by manufacturer and are proprietary. When you repair a laptop, it is strongly recommended that you obtain a replacement motherboard from the manufacturer of the laptop. Figure 1 shows a desktop motherboard and a laptop motherboard.

Desktop motherboards have standard form factors. The  size and shape let motherboards from different manufacturers to be interchangeable.

Desktops are usually set up in a location where they remain plugged into a power source. Desktop power management distributes electricity from the source to the components of the desktop.

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