Gapz rule

This Post is all about the important little part of networking called Bandwidth.

First thing is first, What is bandwidth ???

Well Bandwidth can be acknowledged as the amount of data transmitted in a certain amount of time which is usually measured in Bits and there are various ways to note how much data is transmitted. Like; Bps- bits per second, K bps – Kilobits per second, M bps – mega bits per second, and so on.

A fact about the hidden world of bandwidth is there are 3 different modes of transmissions they are ;

Simplex - a single one way transmission also known as Unidirectional transmission.

Half Duplex- like simplex it allows data to flow in one direction at a time disallowing two directions of transmission.

Full Duplex – unlike half Duplex this transmission type allows data to travel in both directions at once, and although  transmissions are measured in Mbps full deplex transmissions are not measuered any differentlybut when they are measured in terms of measuring both direction of transmission direction e.g. 50 Mbps full duplex is 50 Mbps in both transmission directions

IP adresses are other ways of identfying network devices, an interesting fact is that they are put into 32 digit numbers in binary called octets meaning theu are divided up into groups of eight number.

IP’s can also be put into a dotted decimal format. e.g 080.320.3.62, when a host is configured with an IP adress it is a dotted decimal number like 192.168.1.5.

unique IP adresses on a network ensure that data can be sent and recieved form the correct network source.

IP adresses also come in classes used for different areas;

Class A – large networks,used by some large companies and countries

class B – medium sized networks used by universities

Class C – small networks, used by ISP for customer subscriptions

Class D – special use for multicasting

class E - used for experimental testing.

subnet masks are used to indicate proportion of an IP address, and it is a dotted decimal number.

Normally all the users within a LAN network use the same subnet mask, there are default subnet masks for three classes of IP adress. There is;

Class A - 255.0.0.0

Class B – 255.255.0.0

Class C – 255.255.255.0

IP address configuration can be done in two ways;

Manually – requires configuring each device with the proper IP address and Subnet task

NIC (network interface card) – this is hardware that enables a computer to connect to a network

Dynamic – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server automatically assigns IP addresses to network hosts. This also Provides computers with an IP address and can assign the following to hosts : IP address, Subnet mask, Default gateway, domain name System (DNS)  and Server address. A DHCP works by;

1. server receiving request from host
2. server selects an IP address info from a database
   
3. Server then offers addresses to requesting Host
   
4. And if the host then accepts the offer, the server leases the adresses for an amount of time

The other IPs ( Internet protocols)

A protocol can also be known as a set of rules, Internet protocols are rules set that govern communication between computers on a network. Loads of protocols consist of a group of protocols stacked in layers to function properly they depend on other layers in the group to function properly. Protocols are normally used to ;

• identify problems/errors
• compress data
• decide how data is sent
  
• adressing data
• deciding how to announce sent and recieved data
  

There are many different protocols for different uses,they can be used in different ways like browsing the web sending & recieving e-mails and transferring data files. ICMP Internet Control Message Protocols can be used by devices on a network to send control and error messages to computers on servers. PING ( Packet Internet Groper) iz a simple command used to test connections between computers, it can be used to determine whether a specific IP adress is accessible and can be used by either the host name or IP adress and can work by sending an ICMP echo request to a destination computer, the recieving device should then send back an ICMP echo reply message.

I hope this infromation has been in good use for my audience I may write again