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Application Protocols
Application layer protocols provide network services to user applications such as web browsers and e-mail programs. Explore some of the more common Internet protocols in Figure 2, the Application 

layer, to learn more about the protocols that operate in this layer.

Transport Protocols
Transport layer protocols provide end-to-end management of the data. One of the functions of these protocols is to divide the data into manageable segments for easier transport across the network. Explore each of the protocols in Figure 3, the Transport layer, to learn more about the protocols that operate in this layer.

Internet Protocols
Internet layer protocols operate in the third layer from the top in the TCP/IP model. These protocols are used to provide connectivity between hosts in the network. Explore each of the protocols in Figure 4, the Internet layer, to learn more about the protocols that operate in this layer.

Network Access Protocols
Network Access layer protocols describe the standards that hosts use to access the physical media. The IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standards and technologies, such as CSMA/CD and 10BASE-T are defined in this layer.